Believe it or not, Nietzsche went on holiday—to this pretty town on Italy’s Lake Garda. Today, travellers can explore mediaeval fortresses and the town’s historic centre. Or, just take relaxing walks along the lakeshore and wonder what in the world it would be like to holiday with Nietzsche.

The town that gave the country (and port wine) its very name, Porto is Portugal’s second-largest metropolis after Lisbon. Sometimes called Oporto, it's an age-old city that has one foot firmly in the industrial present. The old town, centered at Ribeira, was built on the hills overlooking the Douro River, and today is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The 14th-century São Francisco church is a main attraction, as are the local port wine cellars, mostly located across the river at Vila Nova de Gaia.